German Pension Calculator: Your Gap at 67

Dieses Tool auf Deutsch: Rentenlücke berechnen

What your result means

The big number is your pension gap in today’s money: how much will be missing each month from 67 on, compared with the net income you want, counted in today’s euros. With the starting values (35 years old, €4,329 gross a month, €5,000 saved, a target of €2,000 net) the gap is €380. The state pension brings €1,454 after health insurance, long-term care insurance and tax, and the savings €166 a month. Germans also call this the Versorgungslücke: the Deutsche Rentenversicherung writes in every Renteninformation that the gap between pension and earned income will grow.

The calculator does not stop at the gap. It ends with an amount you can plan for this week: saving €59 more a month closes it if you keep it up until 67 and your money earns 5% a year after inflation, costs and taxes. At 3% it would take €123, at 0% €294. As capital: to close it you would need savings of €78,283 at 67, enough to pay the rest of your target until about 85; with the starting values you will have €23,825. Whether you find that money is your call. The math only shows what it costs.

How the calculation works

1. State pension, gross. Every year of contributions earns pension points (Entgeltpunkte): your yearly gross pay, capped at the contribution ceiling of €101,400 (€8,450 a month), divided by the provisional average pay for 2026 of €51,944, rounded to four decimals (SGB VI §§ 70 and 121). We assume you pay in from the age you enter under “Refine” until your pension starts, from 25 if you leave it empty (or from your age today if you are younger) until 67, so 42 years, each at today’s ratio to the average. If you stop paying in earlier, for example because you leave Germany, enter that age under “Until what age will you pay in?”; no pension points are added after it (paying in until 40, it would be 15 years and €637.86 gross). Years without contributions, such as a sabbatical or self-employment outside the statutory pension insurance, come off under “Years without contributions”: they earn no pension points (SGB VI § 70) and count neither toward the waiting periods (§ 51) nor toward the basic pension supplement (§ 76g); with five such years it would be 37 contribution years and €1,573.40 gross. The calculator puts child-raising months into these years first; there they count in full (see below). On unemployment benefit you stay insured (SGB VI § 3); that is no gap. For each child born in or after 1992 whom you raised in Germany (raising a child abroad counts only in some cases, SGB VI § 56 (1) and (3)), 36 months at 0.0833 pension points each are added (SGB VI §§ 56, 70), 2.9988 points in total, about €127.51 gross a month today. In years with your own contributions they count together with them only up to a ceiling (SGB VI § 70 (2); the calculator sets it at the contribution ceiling), in years without contributions in full: with €8,450 gross, one child and 3 years without contributions, €127.51 gross is added. The points times the current pension value of €42.52 (since July 1, 2026) give the gross monthly pension in today’s money (SGB VI § 64); a pension that starts before 67 is multiplied by the access factor too (SGB VI §§ 66, 77, see “Retiring earlier?”). You can type the amounts from your Renteninformation instead.
2. Basic pension supplement. People with at least 33 years of compulsory contributions and low pay get a supplement, the Grundrentenzuschlag (SGB VI § 76g). It counts the months with at least 0.025 pension points; their average has to lie below a ceiling, 0.0334 at 33 years and 0.0667 from 35 years. The supplement is the average itself, at most the distance to the ceiling, times 0.875 and times the number of months, at most 420. With 42 contribution years, that covers gross pay from €1,296 to €3,461 a month in this calculator. Income is credited against it (SGB VI § 97a): 60% of what you have above €1,555 a month (36.56 times the pension value), and everything above €1,990 (46.78 times). We compute the basic pension supplement for a single person whose only income is this pension. The check uses your income from two years earlier, so if you work until you retire, your pay still counts in the first years and the supplement can come later or smaller. Married readers and those with other pensions get no supplement in this calculator, because that income counts too; the result then says how large the gap would be with the full supplement. The Deutsche Rentenversicherung checks whether you get it only when you apply for your pension; your Renteninformation does not show it. Until you answer the marital-status question, the supplement is not in the gap; it shows as a possible supplement on its own line below. Months with child-raising count with their points in the average. The basic pension supplement itself is tax-free (§ 3 No. 14a EStG).
3. Health and long-term care insurance. On a pension you pay half of the general health insurance rate of 14.6% and half of the additional rate. We use the average additional rate for 2026, 2.9%, so 8.75% in total (SGB V §§ 241, 242a, 247, 249a). Your own insurer charges its own additional rate, which can be above or below the average. When it changes its rate, the new rate applies to pensions from the second month after the change (SGB V § 247). The long-term care rate of 3.6% is yours alone (SGB XI § 59), plus 0.6 points without children (SGB XI § 55). If you have private or voluntary health insurance, your contributions differ from the ones here. Only people who were in statutory health insurance for at least nine tenths of the second half of their working life join the pensioners’ scheme (SGB V § 5).
4. Income tax, one simplified line. How much of the pension is taxable depends on the year it starts: 84% for a start in 2026, half a point more each year, 100% from 2058 (EStG § 22). The basic pension supplement does not count, because it is tax-free (EStG § 3 No. 14a). From the taxable part of the rest of the pension, the standard deductions of €102 for expenses (Werbungskosten-Pauschbetrag) and €36 for special expenses (Sonderausgaben-Pauschbetrag) come off, and so do your health and care contributions on that pension; you pay contributions on the supplement too, but you cannot deduct them (EStG § 10 (2)). On the rest we apply the 2026 tax schedule (EStG § 32a) and, where it applies, the solidarity surcharge. Simplified means: single, this pension as your only income, no church tax, today’s schedule and deductions, and you live in Germany. The tax-free part that German law freezes in euros, which makes later pension increases fully taxable, is not modeled. Tax law can change before you retire; for your own case, a tax advisor or a Lohnsteuerhilfeverein (a wage-tax help association) can help.
5. Your savings. What you have and what you put aside each month grows until your pension starts at the return you set. The return is after inflation, costs and taxes, so the calculator takes no further tax off the payout. By default it is 5%, the same assumption as in our FIRE calculator. The return is an assumption, not a forecast and not a recommendation. For comparison: world equities returned 3.5% a year after inflation since 2000, before costs and taxes; their premium over short-term government bills was about 4.3 percentage points, so bills returned about −0.8% a year after inflation (UBS Global Investment Returns Yearbook 2025). The default is therefore above what world equities earned since 2000 before costs; the table in the result shows the same calculation at 0%, 3%, 5% and 7%. From the start of your pension the calculator pays the money out in equal monthly amounts until the age you pick under “Plan until”: by default the average remaining life expectancy in the 2023/2025 life table of the Federal Statistical Office, at 67: 16.5 years for men, 19.4 for women, 18.0 years combined if you do not say; or until 90 or 95. After that, the savings in this calculation are used up.
6. Gap and monthly saving. The gap is the net income you want minus the net state pension, other pensions and the payout from savings. The monthly saving is the smallest whole-euro amount that has to be added each month from now on for the gap to reach zero. For the capital you would need for it when your pension starts, the calculator works the payout backward, at the same return and until the same age; at 0% it is the missing amount times the months. Years until your pension count from your last birthday. If your next one is close, you have almost a year less to save than the calculation assumes, and the amount you need is somewhat higher; shortly before retirement, noticeably so.

Which amount from your Renteninformation?

The Deutsche Rentenversicherung sends the Renteninformation, your yearly pension statement, once you are at least 27 and have five years of contributions. It comes in German. Under the heading “Höhe Ihrer künftigen Regelaltersrente” you will find two amounts. The first is what you have reached so far: it follows the sentence “Ihre bislang erreichte Rentenanwartschaft entspräche nach heutigem Stand einer monatlichen Rente von:” (the monthly pension from what you have built up so far), 1.128,46 EUR in the sample letter of the Deutsche Rentenversicherung. The second is the projection: it follows the sentence “Sollten bis zum Rentenbeginn Beiträge wie im Durchschnitt der letzten fünf Kalenderjahre gezahlt werden, bekämen Sie ohne Berücksichtigung von Rentenanpassungen von uns eine monatliche Rente von:” (if contributions continue as in the average of the last five calendar years, you would receive, without pension increases, a monthly pension of), 1.521,03 EUR in the sample letter, and the same amount appears again in the paragraph “Rentenanpassung”.

Which one you need depends on how long you pay in. If you pay in until 67, copy the second. If you no longer pay in, for example because you have left Germany, the first one applies; enter the age when you stopped at “Until what age will you pay in?”. The calculator takes that amount without further contributions and only takes off the reduction if your pension starts before 67: someone aged 45 who stopped at 40 keeps the €637.80 from the letter (its first amount) at 67; the estimate from pay gives almost the same for the same 15 years, €637.86.

If you stop before 67 or retire earlier, the calculator asks for both amounts. It works the way the letter builds its projection: to the first amount it adds, for every further year of contributions, the same increase the second amount assumes for the years until 67. The Deutsche Rentenversicherung’s brochure shows it with an example: to 35.5200 stored pension points it adds the 1.5500 points of the last five years’ average for each of the ten years until 67. With the sample letter (dated July 1, 2025 to June 30, 2026, so converted) and paying in until 60, that would be €1,455.33 at age 45: to the converted first amount, €1,176.32, it adds 15 of the 22 yearly steps toward the converted second, €1,585.54. If you earn more now than in the last five calendar years, the result is likely too low; if you earn less, for example part-time, likely too high. The Deutsche Rentenversicherung computes it more precisely in a Rentenauskunft (SGB VI § 109).

Skip the two variants with 1 or 2 percent yearly increases. They ignore inflation, so they are not in today’s money. The calculator treats the amounts without increases as today’s money. They are gross: the calculator takes off health insurance, long-term care insurance and tax. You never upload the letter, which carries your social security number; you only type the amounts.

Check the date. A letter from July 1, 2025 to June 30, 2026 uses the pension value of that period, €40.79 (Rentenwertbestimmungsverordnung 2025); since July 1, 2026 it is €42.52. Then tick the box under “Refine” that your letter is from that period: the calculator converts the amounts to today’s pension value, so the sample letter’s 1.521,03 EUR becomes €1,585.54. Older letters use an even lower value; take your latest. From 55 you get a more detailed Rentenauskunft every three years instead (SGB VI § 109). It also contains a projection of your standard pension; that is the amount to use. Only the pension decision (Rentenbescheid) is binding. Your Renteninformation and Rentenauskunft are projections, subject to future changes in the law (§ 109 (2) SGB VI). The decision comes when you apply for your pension.

If you came to Germany or plan to leave

Germany pays your pension abroad once you have at least five years of qualifying periods, the general waiting period (SGB VI § 50): in full within the EU, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland, and in most cases in the countries Germany has a social security agreement with; elsewhere it can be restricted (Deutsche Rentenversicherung). Planning to leave? Under “Refine,” enter your age when you leave at “Until what age will you pay in?”: the calculator then counts only the years until then. Already gone and holding a Renteninformation? Enter the age when you stopped and copy its first amount, the pension reached so far.

Periods in another EU country, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway or Switzerland count toward the five years as if they were German (Regulation (EC) No 883/2004, Article 6), and periods in agreement countries help too (Deutsche Rentenversicherung). Each country then pays its own pension for its own periods. Below five years you can also fill the gap with voluntary contributions, if you are allowed to pay them (SGB VI § 7): German citizens always, citizens of another EU or EEA country or Switzerland once they have paid at least one German contribution, and other citizens while they live in the EU or the UK and have paid at least one (Deutsche Rentenversicherung).

A refund (Beitragserstattung, SGB VI § 210) is narrower than many expats expect. It needs 24 calendar months without compulsory German insurance (§ 210 (2)) and one of these: no right to insure voluntarily, reaching retirement age without five years (§ 210 (1)), or being exempt from the statutory pension insurance or released from it, such as civil servants for life or members of a professional pension scheme (Versorgungswerk), while you have fewer than five years (§ 210 (1a)). For citizens of Germany, the EU, the EEA, Switzerland and the UK who are not exempt, that means a refund only at retirement age with fewer than 60 contribution months, periods in other member states included; citizens of other countries may get one while they live outside the EU and the UK (Deutsche Rentenversicherung). You get back only the share you paid yourself, not your employer’s: as an employee, half the contribution (SGB VI § 168), today 9.3% of gross pay up to the contribution ceiling instead of 18.6%. Three years at €4,329 gross a month come to about €14,493 at today’s rate; with fewer than five years of contributions that end before your pension starts, the result shows your own amount. The refund ends every claim from those periods.

If you live abroad in retirement, your net differs from this calculation. Germany then taxes the pension under the rules for non-residents (EStG § 49), as a rule without the basic tax-free allowance (Grundfreibetrag; EStG § 50). On application you are taxed like a resident if at least 90% of your income is taxed in Germany, or if your other income does not exceed the basic allowance (EStG § 1 (3)); for citizens of the EU and the EEA, a spouse living abroad can then be assessed jointly too (EStG § 1a). A double taxation agreement between Germany and your country of residence takes precedence over German tax law (AO § 2) and can give the right to tax the pension to the other country. Health and care contributions follow other rules too. A pension you will receive from another country goes into the other pensions field, net.

What the state pension pays after deductions

The table shows the estimate for different monthly salaries, with the basic pension supplement for a single person without other income. From €8,450 gross nothing rises any further, because contributions only count up to the contribution ceiling. For comparison: the Deutsche Rentenversicherung’s standard pension (Standardrente), 45 years at average pay, is €1,913.40 gross from July 1, 2026 and €1,677.10 after health and care insurance, before tax (Rentenversicherung in Zahlen 2026).

State pension by gross monthly pay: age 35, 42 contribution years from 25, single, no children, pension from 2058, in today’s money

Why starting early matters so much

The same inputs, only a different age today. The state pension barely changes, because the calculator assumes all 42 contribution years from 25 to 67; only the taxable share depends on the year the pension starts. What changes is the time your savings have to grow. Start ten years later, and in this calculation you pay more than twice as much every month: €24 at 25, €59 at 35, €129 at 45, €325 at 55.

Same numbers, different age: €4,329 gross, €5,000 saved, target €2,000 net, 5% real return (after inflation, costs and taxes)

Two examples

With the Renteninformation. A woman, 45, with children, types the second amount from the sample letter, 1.521,03 EUR, and ticks that it is dated July 1, 2025 to June 30, 2026. Converted, that is €1,585.54 gross. Health insurance takes €138.73, long-term care insurance €57.08 (3.6% with children) and tax €45.75, because with a pension starting in 2048, 95% of it is taxable. That leaves €1,343.98 net. Her €20,000 in savings grow to €58,505 by 67 and pay €389 a month. Against her target of €2,000, €267 is missing; saving €85 more a month closes the gap. Without the box it would be a €313 gap and €100 a month.

Starting to save at 52, with the basic pension supplement. A man, 52, has paid in since 25 and earns €3,200 gross, no children. He has €15,000 saved and puts aside €150 a month. The estimate gives a gross pension of €1,320.27 and, because he is single with no other pensions, a €80.36 supplement on top. He pays no income tax: the supplement is tax-free, and the taxable income from the rest of his pension, €12,306 a year, stays below the basic tax-free allowance (Grundfreibetrag) of €12,348. After €122.56 health and €58.83 long-term care insurance, €1,219.24 is left. Because he works until 67, the Deutsche Rentenversicherung still checks his pay from two years earlier in his first years of retirement, so the supplement can come later or smaller. His savings pay €522 a month. Against €1,900, €159 is missing, and with only 15 years left he needs €82 a month on top, €232 in total. At €2,000 gross the supplement would be larger: €441.10 on €825.06.

Retiring earlier?

Under “Refine” you choose when your pension starts, from 63 to 67. For anyone born in 1964 or later: with at least 35 insurance years you can go from 63 (SGB VI § 36), but with a reduction. All periods recognized by the pension insurance count toward the 35 years (SGB VI § 51 (3)), including school and university from 17, at most 8 years (§ 58), and raising a child until their 10th birthday (§ 57). For every month before 67 the access factor drops by 0.003 (SGB VI § 77), so at 63 that is 48 months: 14.4% less pension, for life. Without a reduction you can go at 65 with 45 years (SGB VI § 38); contributions, child-raising and some other periods count toward them, school and university do not (§ 51 (3a)). The pension at 63 without a reduction after 45 years was only for people born before 1964 (SGB VI § 236b).

With the starting values (age 35, paying in from 25), a pension from 63 would be €1,383.23 gross instead of €1,786.02, because 4 contribution years are missing and the reduction applies. The gap would grow from €380 to €693, and with 4 fewer years to save and a longer time to pay out, closing it would take €153 a month instead of €59. Someone who started at 20 reaches 45 years by 65 and goes without a reduction: €1,913.59 gross. In 2025, 30.4% of new old-age pensions started with a reduction, on average 33.4 months early (Rentenversicherung in Zahlen 2026).

Severely disabled people can go at 65 without a reduction after 35 years, and from 62 with one (SGB VI § 37); the calculator does not compute that. The calculator knows only your contribution years and the child-raising periods you enter. If they fall short for the start you pick, it still computes and tells you to check your insurance record (Versicherungsverlauf): someone who started at 30 has 33 contribution years by 63; with school or university it can still be enough, and the pension would be €1,201.22 gross. With your Renteninformation it needs both amounts of the letter for an earlier start: to the first it adds the projection’s increase for the years you still pay in, then the access factor (see “Which amount from your Renteninformation?”). If you no longer pay in, it takes the pension reached so far from the letter and only takes off the reduction. Working past 67 adds 0.005 to the access factor for every month; the calculator does not compute that later start.

What the calculator leaves out

• Civil servants (Beamte, who get a separate pension), self-employed people outside the statutory pension insurance, and anyone born before 1964.
• Child-raising periods for children born before 1992 (30 months, SGB VI § 249), extra points for working parents of children under ten (SGB VI § 70 (3a)), part-time work, where years without contributions fall (the calculator only subtracts their number), periods abroad, reduced earning capacity and survivors’ pensions: the estimate from your pay does not see them; use the amount from your Renteninformation instead.
• Minijobs where you opted out of pension insurance: they only earn supplements from your employer’s contribution (SGB VI § 76b), so less than computed here.
• A pension start before 63 or after 67, the pension for severely disabled people (SGB VI § 37), voluntary contributions (SGB VI § 7); also private or voluntary health insurance, and your own insurer’s additional rate (see above).
• How pensions will rise. We use today’s pension value, which assumes that pensions rise in step with prices; the Renteninformation also leaves future pension increases out.
• Splitting and church tax: married couples who file jointly use the splitting method (EStG § 32a), which can lower the tax; church members pay church tax on top.
• Basic income support: if your income and assets in old age do not cover the necessary cost of living and you live in Germany, basic income support in old age (Grundsicherung im Alter) can come on top (SGB XII § 41). The local social welfare office checks that, not this calculator.
• How life expectancy will develop. The life table “makes no assumptions about how life expectancy will develop” (Destatis, our translation). If it keeps rising, the money runs out sooner than shown here; with “Plan until” you see what a longer life costs.
• The lower care insurance rate for parents from the second child under 25.

Questions about your own pension record go to the Deutsche Rentenversicherung, free of charge on its service line 0800 1000 4800.

Frequently asked questions

How much pension will I get in Germany?

It depends on your pay and on how many years you pay in. Each year at the average pay of €51,944 earns one pension point (Entgeltpunkt), and each point pays €42.52 a month at today’s value. With €4,329 gross a month for 42 years, the estimate is €1,786.02 gross and €1,454.06 after health insurance, long-term care insurance and tax. Your yearly Renteninformation gives you your own projection.

How is my pension calculated in Germany?

Gross monthly pension = pension points × the current pension value (aktueller Rentenwert, €42.52 since July 1, 2026). Each year adds your pay, up to €101,400, divided by the average pay of €51,944. With low pay over at least 33 years, a basic pension supplement can come on top (§ 76g SGB VI). Health insurance, long-term care insurance and income tax come off the gross amount.

What is the pension gap (Rentenlücke)?

The monthly amount between the net income you want in retirement and what you will actually receive: the state pension after deductions, other pensions and what your savings pay out. Germans also call it the Versorgungslücke. It only makes sense when every amount is in the same money; this calculator uses today’s euros.

Is my pension taxable in Germany?

Partly, if you live in Germany. The taxable share grows with the year your pension starts: 84% for a start in 2026, half a point more each year, 100% from 2058 (§ 22 EStG). With the calculator’s default numbers, income tax comes to €100.67 a month. The basic pension supplement is tax-free (§ 3 No. 14a EStG). The tax line here is simplified. If you live abroad, the rules for non-residents apply (§§ 49 and 50 EStG).

How much savings do I need to retire in Germany?

With the calculator’s default numbers you would need savings of €78,283 at 67 to pay the rest of your target until about 85; with the starting values you will have €23,825. The amount depends on your gap and on the years left. Saving €59 more a month from age 35 at a 5% return after inflation, costs and taxes closes the €380 gap: together with the €5,000 already saved, it builds €78,347 by 67, enough to pay €546 a month. Planning until 95 instead takes €83 a month.

Will you get a pension if you leave Germany?

Yes, if you have at least five years of qualifying periods (§ 50 SGB VI): Germany pays the pension abroad, in full within the EU, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland, and in most cases in the countries Germany has a social security agreement with. Periods in those European countries count toward the five years (Regulation (EC) No 883/2004, Article 6). Instead of a pension, a refund of the share you paid yourself is possible in some cases, and it ends every claim from those periods (§ 210 SGB VI): citizens of Germany, the EU, the EEA, Switzerland and the UK get it only at retirement age with fewer than five years; citizens of other countries who live outside the EU and the UK may get it 24 months after their compulsory German insurance ends.

How much do pensioners get in Germany per month?

New old-age pensions in 2025 averaged €1,354 a month gross, the basic pension supplement included. At the end of 2025, 51.5% of all old-age pensions paid out less than €1,200 a month after health and long-term care insurance and before tax, counted per pension (Rentenversicherung in Zahlen 2026). The Deutsche Rentenversicherung’s benchmark, the standard pension (Standardrente) for 45 years at average pay, is €1,913.40 a month gross from July 1, 2026, or €1,677.10 after health and long-term care insurance and before tax. Your own pension depends on your years and your pay; the calculator estimates it.

Why do women in Germany get lower pensions?

On average, women aged 65 and over had their own retirement income of €18,233 gross a year, men €28,473: 36% less. With survivors’ pensions included the gap is 24.2% (Federal Statistical Office, gender pension gap, 2025 survey, income of the year before). Women also live longer: at 67, 19.4 more years on average against 16.5 for men (German life table 2023/2025), so the same savings have to last longer. Years with lower pay, such as part-time work, earn fewer pension points; the estimate from your pay does not see them. The calculator adds child-raising periods for children born in or after 1992 (0.0833 pension points a month, § 70 SGB VI) when you enter the number of children. Your Renteninformation includes both, so type its amount and pick “Woman” for life expectancy.

Privacy

Your numbers stay in your browser. We see none of it. The calculator runs entirely on your device. It sends your input neither to us nor to anyone else, stores nothing and writes nothing into the address bar. You do not upload your Renteninformation; you type its amounts. Your browser prepares the share image in memory after each change; it leaves your device only when you tap “Share as image,” together with the link to this page. The calendar file is made only when you tap it. It contains your gap, your step and the assumptions; if your calendar syncs with an online service, that text is stored there too once you open the file. More in our privacy policy.

Sources

Retrieved October 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25, 2026 and archived with their verbatim passages in the project’s verification archive. The legal texts and official documents are in German. The UBS summary cannot be archived automatically; its sentence is the one our FIRE calculator checked on September 9, 2026.

• SGB VI § 35 (standard retirement age)
• SGB VI § 235 (retirement age, transition rules)
• SGB VI § 50 (waiting periods)
• SGB VI § 64 (pension formula)
• SGB VI § 70 (pension points for contribution periods)
• SGB VI § 121 (rounding rules)
• SGB VI § 123 (rounding of amounts)
• SGB VI § 210 (refund of contributions)
• Rentenwertbestimmungsverordnung 2026 (pension value ordinance)
• Sozialversicherungsrechengrößen-Verordnung 2026 (social insurance figures)
• SGB V § 241 (general contribution rate)
• SGB V § 242a (average additional rate)
• SGB V § 247 (contribution rate on pensions)
• SGB V § 249a (who pays on pensions)
• SGB XI § 55 (care insurance rate, childless surcharge)
• SGB XI § 59 (who pays)
• Pflege-Beitragssatz-Anpassungsverordnung 2025 (care insurance rate)
• Deutsche Rentenversicherung: key figures of the pension insurance
• GKV-Spitzenverband: additional contribution rate
• EStG § 22 (taxable share of pensions)
• EStG § 32a (income tax schedule, splitting)
• EStG § 9a (standard deduction for expenses)
• EStG § 10 (special expenses)
• EStG § 10c (standard deduction for special expenses)
• SolzG § 3 (exemption limit)
• SolzG § 4 (surcharge rate)
• SolzG § 6 (application from 2026)
• Deutsche Rentenversicherung: Die Renteninformation, mehr wissen (brochure, 2/2026)
• Federal Statistical Office (Destatis): life tables 2023/2025
• SGB VI § 76g (basic pension supplement)
• SGB VI § 97a (income test for the supplement)
• SGB VI § 76b (minijobs without own contributions)
• SGB VI § 77 (access factor, early and late retirement)
• SGB VI § 7 (voluntary insurance)
• SGB VI § 109 (Renteninformation and Rentenauskunft)
• SGB VI § 36 (pension for long-term insured people)
• SGB VI § 38 (pension for especially long-term insured people)
• SGB VI § 51 (periods that count toward the waiting periods)
• SGB VI § 56 (child-raising periods)
• SGB VI § 3 (compulsory insurance, for example on unemployment benefit)
• SGB VI § 57 (child-raising until age ten)
• SGB VI § 58 (credited periods such as school and university)
• SGB VI § 249 (children born before 1992)
• SGB VI Annex 2b (yearly maximum pension points)
• SGB V § 5 (pensioners’ health insurance)
• EStG § 49 (non-resident taxation)
• EStG § 50 (no basic allowance for non-residents)
• SGB XII § 41 (basic income support in old age)
• Rentenwertbestimmungsverordnung 2025 (pension value ordinance)
• Regulation (EC) No 883/2004, Articles 6 and 7 (aggregation of periods, payment abroad)
• Deutsche Rentenversicherung: Leben und arbeiten in Europa (brochure, 7/2024)
• Deutsche Rentenversicherung: moving abroad as a pensioner
• Deutsche Rentenversicherung: Germany’s social security agreements
• Deutsche Rentenversicherung: Rentenversicherung in Zahlen 2026 (standard pension, new pensions, pension amounts)
• UBS Global Investment Returns Yearbook 2025 (Dimson, Marsh, Staunton), summary
• EStG § 3 No. 14a (the basic pension supplement is tax-free)
• EStG § 1 (3) (taxed as a resident on application)
• EStG § 1a (citizens of the EU and the EEA)
• AO § 2 (double taxation agreements take precedence)
• SGB VI § 37 (pension for severely disabled people)
• SGB VI § 66 (personal pension points)
• SGB VI § 168 (who pays the contributions)
• SGB VI § 236 (long-term insured, born before 1964)
• SGB VI § 236b (especially long-term insured, born before 1964)
• SGB X § 31 (administrative act)
• Federal Statistical Office (Destatis): retirement income by sex and gender pension gap

Published October 25, 2026

A simplified calculation with fixed assumptions, not pension advice and no review of your pension records. Only the Deutsche Rentenversicherung’s pension decision (Rentenbescheid) is binding; your Renteninformation and Rentenauskunft are projections too. The content is general information and does not replace individual medical, legal, tax or financial advice.

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